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              A variable which holds the address of a memory location is called a pointer. It deals with memory. To create a pointer variable, follow the syntax. ‘datatype *variable_name;’ Eg: ‘int *ptr;’   C++ Program: This program includes the built-in header file <iostream>. Next main() is defined. It has following steps: A variable a is declared as integer. It reads the user input from command prompt. A pointer variable *ptr is declared. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() {     int a;//Declaration of integer variable     int *ptr; // Declarartion of pointer variable     // getting the input from user     cout<<"Enter the variable:"<<endl;     cin>>a;     // storing address of a in pointer myptr     ptr = &a;     cout << "Value o...

                “A set of statements that performs a specific task” is called a function. Generally, the code is reusable in anywhere. Features: ·        Easy to read. ·        It has modularity. ·        The maintenance of code is easy. First, consider about the syntax of creating a function. Syntax: Function declaration: ‘return_value function_name(datatype parameter1,…datatype parameter); Eg: int factorial(int n); Function Definition: return_type function_name(parameter1,parameter2,…… parametern) { Code; return(); } Eg: int factorial(int n) {   Code… return(); } The functions can be classified into two types. ·        User defined functions: user can create this function. ·        Built-in functions: these are the system files. Example:...

 This post shows the remaining string operations as follows. Substring extraction Searching an element Other String operations using built-in functions Substring extraction:               It extracts the part of string. This program reads a character from the user. Using the ‘substr()’ function,it extracts a substring and display it in the output screen. C++ Program: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string st1 = "C++ Programming";     string sub_str1 = st1.substr(4, 14);        cout << "Substring 1: " << sub_str1<< endl;     string sub_str2 = st1.substr(0, 3);       cout << "Substring 2: " << sub_str2 << endl;     return 0; } Output: Substring 1: Programming Substring 2: C+...

               Part1 includes the basic functionality of strings. This post explains the string operations for the following functionalities. Length of a String Modification of a string Length of a String:               This function finds the number of characters in the String. It uses two method. One is ‘size()’ and second one is ‘length()’ . Program: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string st1 = "C++ Programming";     //first method (size())     cout << "Length of the string using size(): " << st1.size() << endl;     // Second method (length())     cout << "Length of the string using length(): " << st1.length() << endl;     return 0; } Output: ...

               Strings are a special kind of objects in std::string class. It is a collection of characters in a common name. Features: The manipulation is easy. You can access, concatenate strings, extract a substring and compare them quickly. It has many built-in functions. You can add or remove characters according to the user need. It adopt it effectively. How to create and manipulate Strings? First, include header file #include<string> Next, declare a string as follows.. Syntax: ‘string str;’ Where string is the keyword to represent string. ‘str’ is the variable. Eg: ‘string a;’ C++ Program to print string: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() {     string a="Welcome to C++";     cout<<a;     return 0; } Output: Welcome to C++ The operations of strings are given below. ·    ...

             The built-in header file <array> has variety of member functions. The way of using these functions in c++ programs as follows… ‘size()’:               This function finds of the size of an array. C++ Program:   #include <iostream> #include <array> using namespace std; int main() {     std::array<int, 8> x = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8};     size_t size = x.size();     cout<<"the size of array is:"<<size<<endl;     return 0; } Output: the size of array is:8 ‘at()’:               This function finds an element in a position. Sample c++ code: #include <iostream> #include <array> using namespace std; int main() {     int pos,i;    ...